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Featured Issue: Border Processing and Asylum

AILA Doc. No. 19032731 | Dated January 20, 2022

In recent years, the ability to apply for protection in the U.S. at the southern border has been severely restricted by a combination of policies, practices, and regulations. Together, they have formed a barrier to asylum and due process for migrants that is unfair, inhumane, and a violation of long-established U.S. and international refugee norms. We are witnessing unprecedented migration across the globe, including record numbers of death of migrants en route or at our border as attempts to control migration force migrants to take even more deadly routes.

This featured issue page provides updates, analyses, and other resources on these asylum and border policies along with AILA’s advocacy for the creation of a humane and fair border processing system for all individuals arriving at our southern border seeking safety and to reunite with awaiting family and communities.

Contents

  1. Solutions to the Humanitarian Needs at the Border
  2. Border Processing
    1. Title 42 Expulsions and Restrictions Based on COVID-19
    2. Treatment of Children at the Border
  3. Efforts to Undermine Asylum Protection
    1. Asylum Bans and Metering (“Queue Management”)
    2. Asylum Cooperative Agreements
    3. Prompt Asylum Case Review (PACR) and Humanitarian Asylum Review Process (HARP) Programs

Solutions to the Humanitarian Challenge at the Border

AILA is urging lawful, humanitarian-based solutions to the seasonal increase in migrants, in particular children, at the U.S. southern border. As the Biden administration rebuilds an asylum system that was gutted by the prior administration, the only sensible choice is to transform how we receive and screen people at the border.

Instead of deterrence and enforcement only approaches, we should welcome people with dignity in line with American values. We must extract ourselves from the counter-productive “crisis at the border” news cycle. Instead, America must lead the way in building a sustainable migration system that meets the demands of the modern world and current events.

AILA Policy Briefs and Recommendations

American Immigration Council Fact Sheets

  • A Guide to Title 42 Expulsions at the Border - March 29, 2021
    • The United States has long guaranteed the right to seek asylum to individuals who arrive at our southern border and ask for protection. But since March 20, 2020, that fundamental right has been largely suspended.
  • Community Support for Migrants Navigating the U.S. Immigration System - February 26, 2021
    • This fact sheet draws from original data gathered from hundreds of community organizations around the country and provides a snapshot of the extent of available services that help migrants navigate the complexities of the U.S. immigration system.
  • An Overview of U.S. Refugee Law and Policy - January 8, 2020
    • The United States has long been a global leader in the resettlement of refugees and the need for such leadership remains enormous.
  • The High Cost and Diminishing Returns of a Border Wall - September 6, 2019
    • The fact is that building a fortified and impenetrable wall between the United States and Mexico is unnecessary, complicated, ineffective, expensive, and would create a host of additional problems.

Press Release and Statements

Media

  • Fox NewsNow features an interview with AILA Executive Director Benjamin Johnson, in which he discusses the possibilities of immigration reform and the situation at the southern border.
  • Video: Interview with Greg Chen Regarding the Border - March 10, 2021
    • Fox NewsNow features an interview with AILA Senior Director of Government Relations Greg Chen about the situation at the U.S.-Mexico border. Mr. Chen discusses what is driving people to migrate to the United States and what the administration is doing and should do to address the situation.
  • Video: A Vision for America as a Welcoming Nation - December 18, 2020
    • AILA issues comprehensive recommendations calling upon President-Elect Joe Biden to implement a powerful new vision for immigration. AILA stands ready to work with the incoming Biden-Harris administration to get the job done.
  • AILA Quicktake #262 – Asylum and the Southern Border—An Update - April 8, 2019
    • Recent reports of asylum seekers arriving in greater numbers at the southern border have resulted in claims by the administration that the federal government cannot manage the arrivals without more resources. Greg Chen, AILA's Senior Director of Government Relations, discusses the changing situation at the southern border and explains why what we really need is a better management of the available resources.

Reports

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Border Processing

Long-standing United States law says that any person who is physically present in the United States or who “arrives” at the border must be given an opportunity to seek asylum. Yet, harsh deterrence tactics and administrative policies, such as those described below, cause or exacerbate the denial of due process, separation of families, excessive detention, and imposition of severe punitive measures that should be halted.

Title 42 Expulsions and Restrictions Based on COVID-19

On March 20, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) ushered in exclusions at the southern border due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The order was issued pursuant to CDC’s public health authority under Title 42 and allows DHS to expel anyone – without normal safeguards for those fleeing persecution – if there is a “serious danger of the introduction of [a communicable] disease into the United States.” It exempted large groups of people - including citizens, LPRs, and anyone with valid travel documents – but did apply to people seeking asylum in the United States.

Title 42 has led to the practice of expelling asylum seekers, including vulnerable individuals and family units, to danger. Multiple experts have concluded that the CDC order has no scientific basis as a public health measure and urged rational, science-based measures to safeguard public health.

AILA Resources and Advocacy

Litigation

Government Announcements and Information

Media

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Treatment of Children at the Border

AILA believes that all decisions regarding children, including unaccompanied children, must be based on what is in the best interest of the child. Using deterrence tools like intentionally separating children from their parents has no place in civil society. Family unity must always be a guiding principle when responding to children and every effort should be made to expeditiously process children from the border to awaiting sponsors in the U.S.

Government Announcements and Information

Media

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Efforts to Undermine Asylum Protection

Our asylum system needs reform for it to truly reflect America’s ideals as a place of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. We need a system that is welcoming, effective, and timely in the receipt and adjudication of asylum applications. Importantly, our asylum system must comply with U.S. and international refugee laws.

Asylum Bans and Metering (“Queue Management”)

The Trump administration left a legacy of proclamations and rules aimed at making as many people as possible ineligible for protection in the U.S. The Biden administration must grapple with how to review and decide whether to rescind, revoke, or issue new rules in their place.

As early as 2016, asylum-seekers have also been subjected to an illegal practice known as “metering.” Under U.S. law, any person who is physically present in the United States or who “arrives” at the border must be given an opportunity to seek asylum. Despite this clear command, CBP officers stationed at the southern border have turned away thousands of people who come to ports of entry seeking protection under the practice of “metering” (or “queue management”).

AILA Resources

Litigation

Government Announcements and Information

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Asylum Cooperative Agreements

On November 19, 2019, DHS and DOJ issued an Interim Final Rule that allowed it to send individuals seeking asylum along the U.S./Mexico border to Guatemala or other countries with which the United States has entered into “Asylum Cooperative Agreements.” This rule applied to individuals who arrived at a U.S. port of entry, or enter, or attempt to enter the U.S., between ports of entry, on or after November 19, 2019. Approximately 1,000 people had been processed under the U.S.-Guatemala agreement by March 2020. President Biden’s administration suspended these agreements on February 6, 2021.

Government Announcements and Information

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Prompt Asylum Case Review (PACR) and Humanitarian Asylum Review Process (HARP) Programs

On October 7, 2019, the Trump administration began a pilot program called “Prompt Asylum Case Review,” in the El Paso area to speed up the asylum process for certain non-Mexican immigrants. At the same time, the administration rolled out the “Humanitarian Asylum Review Process,” a virtually identical program which applies to Mexican nationals. Approximately, over 5,000 were processed under these now defunct rapid deportation policies. These programs were suspended by Executive Order on February 2, 2021, though the policy memos were not revoked and some litigation is ongoing.

AILA Resources

Government Reports

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Cite as AILA Doc. No. 19032731.